Atharva Salunke India’s security environment has changed fundamentally over the last decade. Conventional military threats continue to exist, but they are now accompanied by rapidly evolving challenges such as drone warfare, electronic warfare, cyber threats, precision-guided munitions, and persistent surveillance.…
The India-Nepal border has been regarded as one of the most distinctive international boundaries in the world. The boundary is approximately 1,751 kilometers, extending across Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Sikkim and Bihar and is governed by the provisions from the 1950 Treaty of Peace and Friendship, allowing citizens of both the countries to cross boundaries without the need of passports and visas.
India and China’s relationship with each other has been in focus for several reasons. Both the countries have established economic cooperation and multilateral engagement with each other, but despite these engagements, both still face unresolved border disputes along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
Policy UpdateKavin Adithya CB Background India and Oman have enjoyed close relations for more than five millennia, with maritime trade across the Indian Ocean serving as the foundation of their historical partnership. These early commercial and cultural exchanges gradually evolved…
Policy Update Mehul Rastogi Introduction – India and Norway have shared a long-standing partnership and bilateral relations since February 1947, which have strengthened over the years. 2027 will mark 80 years of diplomatic relations between India and Norway. They have…
Policy UpdateRakhi Kumari Background India and Canada’s relationship goes back a long way, built on shared democratic values, a large Indian diaspora of nearly 1.8 million people, and growing trade ties. It’s a partnership that runs deeper than just Commonwealth…
Policy Update Asmatwali Background India’s Overseas Development Partnership (ODP) has evolved from a modest post-independence solidarity gesture into one of the most consequential instruments of New Delhi’s foreign policy. Rooted in the Colombo Plan (1950) and later institutionalised through the…