Category Policy Update

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VB-G RAM G and Rural Employment: A Shift from Rights-Based Welfare to Mission-Based Development?

On 21 December 2025, the President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu gave assent to the Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Bill, 2025, commonly referred to as VB-G RAM G. The legislation marks one of the most significant shifts in India's rural employment policy since the enactment of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), 2005. While MGNREGA was built around a rights-based guarantee of wage employment, VB-G RAM G seeks to reframe rural employment through a broader approach to livelihoods, asset creation, and rural transformation.

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India’s Climate Diplomacy: Navigating the Gap Between NDC (Nationally Determined Contributions) Targets and Energy Demands

Asmatwali Background India’s climate diplomacy operates under the Paris Agreement’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) framework, through which each signatory periodically submits self-declared mitigation and adaptation targets. India’s first NDC (2015) rested on three pillars: an emissions-intensity reduction target, a non-fossil…

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India–GCC Free Trade Agreement Negotiations (2026): Status, Stakes, and Stumbling Blocks

Asmatwali Background The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), comprising Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, and Bahrain, is one of India’s largest trading partner blocs. In FY 2024-25, bilateral trade touched USD 178.56 billion (exports of USD 56.87 billion and…

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Planting Doubts: The Promise and Pitfalls of India’s Green Credit Scheme (2023) 

The Green Credit Programme (GCP) represents one of India's most recent attempts to create market-based incentives for environmental conservation and restoration. Announced in the Union Budget 2023–24 and subsequently notified through the Green Credit Rules of 2023 under the Environment (Protection) Act on 12 October 2023.

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