
India’s Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Rules, 2019: Balancing Development, Ecology, and Coastal Community Livelihoods
India's coastline is one of the most consequential stretches of land in the country. The country's coastline was officially reassessed from 7,516.6 kilometres to 11,098.81 kilometres in 2025, following updated measurements using modern GIS software and high-resolution High-Water Line data. The revised figure reflects improved measurement techniques rather than a physical expansion of India's coastline. Around 250 million people depend on India's coastal areas for their homes and livelihoods, particularly through sectors such as fisheries, transport, and tourism. Mangroves, coral reefs, turtle nesting beaches, sand dunes, and estuaries provide important ecological and protective functions, while coastal ecosystems also support livelihoods and economic activity.






