Public examinations determine more than the test of academic capability. For millions of students, examinations determine access to higher education, government employment, and social mobility. Any kind of unfair practices in the public examination process therefore affects not only individual candidates but also public confidence in the state's mechanism.
The National Pension System (NPS) was notified by the Ministry of Finance on 22 December 2003 and became effective from 1 January 2004. Originally introduced as the New Pension Scheme, it was designed as a new defined contribution system to replace the traditional defined benefit Old Pension Scheme (OPS) for new government recruits and represents a major shift in India’s approach to old-age income security.
Policy UpdateApala Background Mission Vatsalya was built around a single promise. The scheme commits the Government to strengthen the juvenile justice care and protection system with the motto “leave no child behind” (Ministry of Women and Child Development, 2022). For…
Land is emotive, social, and intensely political. But it also very concrete, and material. It is
flexible and mobile. There is nothing abstract about land. In being able to physically identify
and demarcate it, while also flexibilizing it and socializing it, land’s particularities need to be
acknowledged and respected. Land as land is worthy of study. Land is central of existence
irrespective of where we are on the planet. Nikita Sud argues that land is not simply the
solid surface of the earth it is best understood as a materially and conceptually dynamic
realm, intimately tied to the social.
Policy UpdateSruti Halder Background India’s immigration regime had, until 2025, been governed by four separate statutes spanning more than a century: the Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920, the Registration of Foreigners Act, 1939, the Foreigners Act, 1946, and the…
India is often described as one of the youngest countries in the world. According to the Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, about 65% of India's population is below the age of 35. This is frequently presented as a demographic advantage, a large young population that can contribute to India's economic and social development. But while researching youth participation for my public policy fellowship, I found myself thinking about a different question: If India is so young, how young is its democracy?
“A child who knows law is not only less likely to break it but also better equipped to protect themselves from becoming its victim.”
When we discuss about education the main focus always relies on subjects like mathematics, science, history, technology and so on, that shape a child’s academic future. Although, there’s remain one essential life skill that continues to be overlooked in most Indian schools’ is legal literacy. When children are taught how to solve maths, write essays and learn question and answers, very few are taught what consent mean, what says about cybercrime, child marriage, bullying, or what are their legal rights and responsibilities.