A fund that tracks an index does not make the same investment decisions as a fund whose manager actively selects securities, yet both have historically faced the same regulatory requirements. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) introduced the Mutual Fund Lite (MF Lite) framework to address this, creating a separate, lighter-touch regulatory route for passively managed schemes.
India's climate transition requires finance to move beyond public expenditure and conventional lending. Green deposits were introduced as one such instrument, allowing depositors to place funds with regulated financial entities with the proceeds earmarked for eligible green activities and projects.
India’s infrastructure financing requirements have expanded with urbanisation, industrialisation and the growth of physical and digital connectivity. The National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF), established in 2015, was registered under SEBI specifically as a Category II Alternative Investment Fund, and was designed to bring institutional capital into this space by using government funding as an anchor.
Chandigarh’s scheme architecture combines locally administered welfare programmes, centrally sponsored schemes and public infrastructure projects financed through the Union Budget. Chandigarh is a Union Territory without a legislature, therefore, its expenditure is presented under the Ministry of Home Affairs’ Demand No. 53. Consequently, its departmental priorities must be read through Union budget documents, Chandigarh Administration’s departmental records and the programmes implemented by its public institutions.
The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 marked a paradigm shift in India's data governance regime, yet its implementation encountered procedural ambiguities, particularly concerning vulnerable data principals. The DPDP (Removal of Difficulties) Order, 2026, issued by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) under Section 60 of the Act, seeks to address these operational gaps.
India’s net-zero transition is increasingly becoming an economic concern alongside its environmental goals. India needs to expand energy access, support industrialisation, meet rising electricity demand and improve living standards while reducing the emissions intensity of economic activity. The challenge is not simply to replace fossil fuels with cleaner alternatives, but to finance this transformation without placing an unsustainable burden on public finances, businesses or households. Future policy frameworks must also account for human development priorities, including health, education and poverty reduction, to ensure that emissions reduction targets remain compatible with improvements in living standards and broader socioeconomic progress.
The Tamil Nadu R&D Policy 2022 is the State Government's dedicated framework for attracting and supporting research and development investment, issued by the Industries, Investment Promotion and Commerce Department. The Department's own Policy Note describes its purpose as boosting an R&D ecosystem that can feed innovative technologies and solutions across industrial and service sectors, with a particular aim of attracting scientific R&D and Global Capability Centre (GCC) investments (Government of Tamil Nadu, 2023). The policy takes effect from the date of the Government Order and is valid for ten years or until a new policy is announced, whichever is earlier (Government of Tamil Nadu, 2022).