Category Center for Environment, Climate Change and Sustainable Development

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Supporting Dairy Cooperatives and Farmer Producer Organizations (2021): Powering India’s Next Phase of the White Revolution

India’s dairy sector is an important source of rural employment, household income and nutritional security. The country produced 247.87 million tonnes of milk in 2024-25, an increase of 3.58% over the previous year, retaining its position as the world’s largest milk producer (DAHD, 2025). However, the sector is characterised by a large number of small and marginal producers who depend on regular milk sales for cash income. For these farmers, disruptions in procurement, weak market demand, delayed payments and inadequate working capital can have an immediate impact on their livelihoods.

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Coal Gasification Financial Incentive Scheme (CGFIS): Promoting Clean Energy and Self-Reliance

India faces a critical trilemma in its energy transition: balancing rapid decarbonization targets with soaring industrial power demand, grid reliability constraints, and a heavy economic reliance on conventional fossil fuels. While expanding renewables and reducing emissions are priorities, coal remains essential for industrial and energy needs. The key issue is how to use domestic coal resources more efficiently and strategically.

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From Climate Plan to Climate Action: Assessing Kerala’s State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC 2.0) 2022

Kerala’s first State Action Plan on Climate Change came out in 2014, but by the time a decade had passed, it no longer felt like it matched the reality on the ground. The state had watched Cyclone Ockhi swirl in from the sea, endured the devastating floods of 2018 and 2019, grappled with Nipah outbreaks, and seen landslides become alarmingly routine in the Western Ghats. With monsoon patterns turning erratic and temperatures creeping up, the old plan simply could not keep up.

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Coconut Promotion Scheme 2026: Strengthening India’s Coconut Sector through Productivity

Coconut occupies a distinctive position in India’s agricultural economy. Often associated with coastal livelihoods, the crop supports farmers, processors, traders and a wide range of downstream industries. Its economic significance extends beyond the sale of fresh coconuts to products such as coconut oil, coconut water, milk, virgin coconut oil, desiccated coconut, activated carbon and coir-based products.

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National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA): Assessing Climate-Resilient Farming and Sustainable Agricultural Practices in India (2014–2026)

Over the past decade and more, the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) has evolved from a standalone climate-adaptation-focused mission into part of India's agricultural policy framework. NMSA was launched as one of the eight missions of the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) with the objective of making Indian agriculture more productive, remunerative and resilient to climate variability, especially in the face of the huge rainfed agriculture base in India. The article describes the institutional journey of NMSA from 2014–2026 and evaluates their key initiatives: Rainfed Area Development, Per Drop More Crop, Soil Health Management and the National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture programme; along with measured outcomes of the mission, and the structural constraints that remain, most prominently, lack of funding at the last mile and underfunding.

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The Melting Himalayas: A Question of Climate Responsibility

On the morning of August 26, a wall of ice, rock and water tore down from Langtang-Lirung through the Bhotekoshi valley into Nepal and Tibet. Villages vanished. Bridges that had stood for generations were gone within minutes. Over 270 bodies have been recovered; more than a thousand people, many of them foreign trekkers on the Langtang route, remain missing.

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