Critical minerals have emerged as a strategy priority for the World as we expand our energy transition, advanced manufacturing and defence capabilities. Minerals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite and rare earth elements (REEs) are essential inputs for electric vehicle batteries, renewable energy technologies, permanent magnets, electronics and semiconductors. Their importance, however, extends beyond their economic value. The concentration of mining, refining and processing capacity in a limited number of countries leaves downstream industries vulnerable to geopolitical disruptions, export restrictions and supply shocks.