Category Center for Environment, Climate Change and Sustainable Development

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National Electricity Policy in India (2026)

Electricity is a concurrent-list subject in India, and the framework for national-level power sector planning was laid down by the Electricity Act, 2003, which mandates the Central Government to formulate a National Electricity Policy (NEP) in consultation with the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) and the State Governments, and to review it from time to time (Ministry of Power). Under this mandate, the first National Electricity Policy (NEP 2005) was notified on 12 February 2005, at a time when the sector was defined by demand-supply deficits, limited household access to electricity, and weak generation, transmission and distribution infrastructure.

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Heatwaves as Disasters: Bridging the Gap Between Recognition and Worker Protection

Every year, over 450 million workers, many of them migrants, engaged in agriculture, construction, street vending, sanitation, and transport are exposed to dangerous heat levels. Now that India has notified heat as a disaster, its success must be measured by whether fewer workers are forced to choose between their health and wages.

neha pal

Atal Bhujal Yojana (2019): From Aquifer Mapping to Sustainable Groundwater Management in India

Groundwater is one of the most important sources of water in India. It supports agriculture, drinking water, rural livelihoods, and several urban and industrial activities. According to the Dynamic Groundwater Resources Assessment, 2025, India extracts about 247.22 billion cubic metres (BCM) of groundwater annually. Agriculture accounts for around 87 per cent of this extraction, while domestic use accounts for 11 per cent and industry for about 2 per cent. Groundwater also supports a large share of India’s irrigated agriculture and remains an important source of drinking water for rural and urban populations.

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Capital Deepening vs. Total Factor Productivity under the India Semiconductor Mission 2.0

The evolution of India's technology policy reached a turning point with the transition from the foundational phase of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM 1.0) to the expanded mandate of ISM 2.0. Launched in December 2021 under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) with a capital corpus of ₹76,000 crore , the program addressed physical deficits in domestic electronics manufacturing.

Ambika

Understanding the Micro & Small Enterprises Cluster Development Programme Framework (MSE-CDP), 2007

The Micro & Small Enterprises Cluster Development Programme (MSE-CDP) is one of the primary schemes run by the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME). The idea behind the program is simple: small businesses often struggle to grow because they cannot afford modern machinery, proper testing labs, or good infrastructure on their own. Instead of giving scattered subsidies to individual shops, this scheme brings local businesses together into enterprise clusters.

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Tex-Eco Initiative 2026: Untangling Fast Fashion to Weave a Circular Pathway 

The Tex-Eco Initiative is the Ministry of Textiles' new technology-and-coordination programme, launched under Union Budget 2026-27, to steer India's textile sector toward genuine circularity. It arrives at a critical moment for a sector that contributes 2.3% of GDP, 13% of industrial production and 12% of exports, employing over 45 million people which is the second-largest source of employment after agriculture (Threads of Progress, 2025). 

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National Animal Disease Control Programme (2019): India’s Pathway Towards Disease-Free Livestock

India has one of the world's largest livestock populations, making animal health crucial for rural livelihoods, food security and the dairy economy. As per the 20th Livestock Census 2019, the total livestock population is 535.78 million, including 302.79 million bovines(Press Information Bureau, 2026). The large livestock population underscores the importance of animal health and well-being.

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