Category Center for ICT for Development

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Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C): Strengthening India’s Response to Cyber Fraud

The rapid expansion of digital technologies has created new opportunities for economic and social development, but it has also led to increasingly sophisticated forms of cybercrime. Recognising the need for a coordinated national response, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) established the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) as a scheme in 2018 to create a framework for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of cybercrime. I4C was subsequently established as an attached office of MHA with effect from 1 July 2024 (Ministry of Home Affairs, 2026).

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PM-WANI Framework: Assessing Public Wi-Fi Expansion and the Digital Divide in India (2020-2026)

The divide between the rural and urban areas has long been the divide in India. According to the National Sample Survey Office data, only about 24 per cent of rural households have internet access, as against about 66 per cent in urban households, while the figures released by the TRAI indicates that the broadband penetration rate in urban areas is approximately 93 per cent and in the rural areas it is about 29.3 per cent.

AI Mission

Developing IndiaAI`s Dream — Understanding the IndiaAI Compute Pillar’s GPU Infrastructure Growth (2024)

GPU infrastructure is a critical enabler of modern AI development because it provides the computational power required to train large models, process vast datasets, and support high-volume experimentation. This makes it the backbone of any serious AI ecosystem, and its expansion has direct implications for the scale and speed of AI market growth.

Supreme court

The Supreme Court Just Caught AI Faking Precedents. The Harder Problem Is What It Cannot Catch.

On 2 July 2026, the Supreme Court of India delivered a judgment unlike any before it. In
Pooja Ramesh Singh v. Jammu and Kashmir Bank, it set aside orders of the NCLT and the
appellate tribunal after discovering that the tribunal had relied on judgments that did not
exist, fabricated by an artificial intelligence tool and cited as if they were law. The Court
declared zero tolerance, held that a decision resting on hallucinated material is no decision
in the eyes of the law, and directed the Bar Council of India to frame guidelines and
disciplinary consequences. Justice Narasimha's bench insisted that a human must remain in the loop at every stage of adjudication.

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Scaling UPI: The Economics Behind NPCI’s New Operational Limits

Although the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has been operational for a decade, it does not exhibit the obsolescence typical of legacy infrastructure; rather, it currently faces challenges associated with rapid and unprecedented scalability. NPCI launched it in April 2016 to make bank-to-bank transfers instant and interoperable, so a payment from any bank app could reach any other bank account without the usual friction. The decision that really made it explode came later: in January 2020, the government set UPI’s Merchant Discount Rate to zero, so neither payer nor payee would ever see a fee. That single choice is arguably why the neighbourhood vegetable seller and the metro-station tea stall started accepting UPI as readily as a large retail chain.

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Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme: Strengthening India’s Innovation Ecosystem

Innovation has become a major driver of economic growth and global competitiveness. Countries investing heavily in research and development (R&D), such as the United States, China, South Korea, and Germany, have established leadership in advanced technologies. However, India's Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) remains significantly below the global average, with limited private-sector participation.

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