The rapid expansion of digital payments, online services, social media and connected technologies has created increasingly complex forms of cybercrime. Investigating such offences requires specialised capabilities in digital evidence collection, cyber forensics, electronic device examination, online financial trails and emerging technologies. However, cybercrime investigation also faces capacity-related challenges, including uneven access to specialised training, the need to keep investigative skills aligned with rapidly evolving criminal methods, and the requirement for coordinated capacity-building across State and Union Territory law-enforcement agencies. The Ministry of Home Affairs has recognised these needs through initiatives supporting cyber-forensic laboratories, specialised training and technical assistance to investigating officers (Ministry of Home Affairs, 2022; Ministry of Home Affairs, 2024).