Category Center for Work and Welfare

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India’s Parliamentary Diplomacy with North Macedonia: Significance of the Presidential Visit (2026)

India isn’t just looking at the usual big players in Europe anymore. Lately, it’s turning more eyes toward Southeast Europe and the Western Balkans. Why? Because New Delhi wants to shake up its diplomatic strategy and spread its influence , build more varied partnerships in a Europe that keeps changing shape. North Macedonia, for instance, has started to matter more. It sits in a key spot in the Balkans, has solid democratic foundations, and opens new doors for India in trade, technology, education, research, and sustainable growth.

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Offshore Areas Mineral (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2023

For over ten years, India maintained a law aimed at allowing mineral development of its seabed, yet for the same period, very little occurred. The Offshore Areas Mineral (Development and Regulation) Act was enacted in 2002 and took effect in 2010, providing the government with a legal structure for mining in territorial waters, the continental shelf, and the Exclusive Economic Zone. However, when the Ministry of Mines was questioned about this in Parliament, their response was straightforward: no mining operation had ever started under the previous system. The Ministry was direct about the reason as well. It stated clearly that the distribution process allowed excessive discretion and failed to provide a fair, transparent method for assigning operating rights.

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National Credit Framework (NCrF) 2023: Implementation and Way Forward

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 called for removing the 'hard separation' between school, higher and vocational education. It proposed an Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) to facilitate the accumulation and mobility of credits (Ministry of Education, 2020). To operationalise this vision, the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship constituted a High-Level Committee in November 2021 to develop a common credit framework for general and vocational education (Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2021; University Grants Commission, 2023).

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Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme: Strengthening India’s Innovation Ecosystem

Innovation has become a major driver of economic growth and global competitiveness. Countries investing heavily in research and development (R&D), such as the United States, China, South Korea, and Germany, have established leadership in advanced technologies. However, India's Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) remains significantly below the global average, with limited private-sector participation.

Smart city

The Smart City Mission in Srinagar and Jammu 2017: A Comparative Assessment of Urban Transformation.

The Smart City Mission (SCM) was initiated by the Government of India in 2015 as a transformative urban renewal programme to develop 100 cities across the country into inclusive, sustainable, and technologically advanced hubs. The mission’s core objective is to provide citizens with high-quality core infrastructure, a clean environment, and "smart" solutions that optimize urban functions, such as data-driven resource management and enhanced service delivery.

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Insurance Amendment Act: Decoding the 2025 Reform

The Sabka Bima Sabki Raksha (Amendment of Insurance Laws) Act, 2025 represents the most sweeping overhaul of India's insurance regulatory architecture since the sector was opened to private participation in 2000. Introduced in the Lok Sabha on December 16, 2025, passed by both Houses of Parliament within two days, and granted Presidential assent on December 20, 2025,

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