India and Cyprus have always enjoyed good bilateral relations. The foundation of this long-standing relationship was laid by the first President of RoC (Republic of Cyprus), Archbishop Makarios, and the first Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. They were among the pioneers of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), who realised the dreams and aspirations of their respective people for self-determination and nationhood.
The direct fallout of the Israeli strikes on Qatar to eliminate Hamas leaders and negotiators for Gaza and the US deep state’s complicity and political leadership’s double-speak and tongue-in-cheek stance has reinforced the utter unreliability of the US security cover once again for the countries in West Asia and North Africa, especially the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.
India and South Korea have become dynamic collaborators in global entrepreneurship and innovation. India's rapidly developing start-up ecosystem, supported by its young entrepreneurs and digital economy, is well complemented by South Korea's high-tech industry prowess, R&D, and advanced manufacturing capabilities.
This cooperation was cemented through the inauguration of the India-Korea Start-up Hub in 2018, the India-Korea Centre for Research and Innovation (2020), and an MoU between Invest India and KOSME (2021). In addition, incubator collaborations between IIT Kanpur and the Korea Startup Forum and IIIT Bangalore and Sungkyunkwan University further enriched cross-border opportunities.
The Gulf of Oman is at the center of maritime insecurity. Situated in the Arabian Sea, it borders Iran, Pakistan, and Oman, and is of strategic importance to India, especially considering energy security. While not itself a hotspot for piracy, it lies adjacent to several high risk zones. To its northwest is the Strait of Hormuz, one of the world’s most critical chokepoints, often called the ‘oil chokepoint,’ through which nearly 20 percent of the world’s oil shipments transits.
The relations between India and Kazakhstan are ancient and historical, going back more than 2,000 years. India was one of the first countries to recognize the independence of Kazakhstan in February 1992.
Resurgence in India-Iran Literary Exchanges. With cultural similarities in language as well as a shared literary history, Iran was a natural partner.
The India-Nepal open land border, which is approximately 1,751 km, is unique in South Asia for its free flow of people under the Treaty of Peace and Friendship 1950. That open nature has been both a security challenge and a source of connectivity. The Shastra Seema Bal is India's primary guiding force, which prevents crime and smuggling, and also coordinates with Nepal security agencies. Joint military exercises such as “Surya Kiran” also enhance collaboration for Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations.