The relations between India and Kazakhstan are ancient and historical, going back more than 2,000 years. India was one of the first countries to recognize the independence of Kazakhstan in February 1992.
National Council for Science & Technology Communication (NCSTC), 2025.
The primary objective of NCSTS is to enhance capacity for informed decision-making and foster scientific thinking within the community, while also prioritising marginalised sections of society through the dissemination of scientific knowledge and the development of targeted programmes in an informed manner, ensuring that benefits and opportunities reach every corner of society.
The National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), has been instrumental in advancing IT and electronics education across India.
The State Science & Technology Programme (SS&TP), initiated by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) Government of India in 1971, aims to strengthen science, technology, and innovation (STI) capacity at the state level. Recognizing that states are vital units for decentralized development, the programme seeks to empower them to formulate and implement science and technology (S&T) plans tailored to their regional priorities.
The world of diplomacy has been transformed by technology companies that exercise
power once reserved for states.
India- Africa cooperation has long emphasised development through technology and capacity-building. India’s Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)- the interoperable building blocks of digital identity, payments and data platforms- has been central to its Digital India transformation.
Since the early 2000s, India and the United States have gradually deepened their strategic partnership, moving beyond trade and culture toward technologies, defence, and security. Space and cyberspace have emerged as domains of critical importance due to their increasing role in national security, economic infrastructure, and strategic competition.