Category Insights

Insights, a blog published by IMPRI.

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APAAR ID : Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry ID, 2023

Enhancing accessibility, flexibility, and continuity remains a core priority within India's educational landscape. Students move between different educational institutions. The recognition and verification of their academic accomplishments is, therefore, increasingly important. To establish a unified academic identity, the Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry (APAAR) was launched by the Ministry of Education, as part of the initiative “One Nation, One Student ID”, in line with the provisions of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. APAAR assigns a unique 12-digit number to students and enables the access and management of their academic records and achievements throughout their education (Ministry of Education, n.d.).

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Financial Inclusivity at the Margins: Policy Review of Haryana’s Mahila Samriddhi Yojana (2021)

The Mahila Samriddhi Yojana (MSY) in Haryana was structurally revamped and targeted in 2021 to address deep financial vulnerabilities among marginalized women (Government of Haryana, 2021). Implemented by the Haryana Scheduled Castes Finance and Development Corporation (HSFDC) and the Haryana Backward Classes and Economically Weaker Sections Kalyan Nigam (HBCEWKN), the scheme functions as a targeted financial inclusion model (Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, 2025). It operates in close collaboration with central apex corporations, including the National Scheduled Castes Finance and Development Corporation (NSCFDC) and the National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation (NBCFDC) (NBCFDC, 2026).

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Chandigarh Budget (2026-2027) : A Department-wise Review

Chandigarh’s scheme architecture combines locally administered welfare programmes, centrally sponsored schemes and public infrastructure projects financed through the Union Budget. Chandigarh is a Union Territory without a legislature, therefore, its expenditure is presented under the Ministry of Home Affairs’ Demand No. 53. Consequently, its departmental priorities must be read through Union budget documents, Chandigarh Administration’s departmental records and the programmes implemented by its public institutions.

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India’s Debt Restructuring Support to Sri Lanka and Zambia (2024): Development Diplomacy and Sustainable Economic Recovery

The escalating global debt crisis across the Global South has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges to post-pandemic economic recovery and sustainable development. Severe macroeconomic shocks—exacerbated by supply chain disruptions, rising international interest rates, and commodity price volatility—triggered acute balance-of-payments distress, forcing several developing nations into sovereign default.

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Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020: From Legislative Consolidation to Effective Worker Protection

Occupational safety and health (OSH) is both a labour-rights concern and a public-policy challenge. Unsafe workplaces impose costs through preventable injuries, occupational diseases, lost productivity and pressure on public health systems. In India, these risks are especially pronounced in hazardous industries such as mining, construction, manufacturing and chemical processing, where workers may face prolonged exposure to dangerous substances and inadequate protective infrastructure. In a parliamentary reply, the Minister of State for Labour and Employment, provided data that recorded approximately 1,000 fatal injuries annually in registered factories. Non-fatal injuries also remained above 2,800 annually (Sansad, Ministry of Labour and Employment, 2026).

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Critical Mineral Recycling Incentive Scheme, 2025: Strengthening India’s Circular Mineral Security. 

The demand for critical minerals is on the rise, especially for clean energy and electric vehicles. These minerals are crucial for industry and the production of strategic goods. The cost and time required to explore and develop new mineral resources abroad make it important for India to focus on recycling critical minerals, especially given that India imports nearly 100% of its requirements for several critical minerals like lithium, cobalt, and nickel. The Union Cabinet approved the Critical Mineral Recycling Incentive Scheme from 2025-2026 to 2030-2031 for a period of six years on 3 September 2025. The scheme provides an outlay of ₹ 1500 crore. The objective of the scheme is to develop the capacity to extract critical minerals from electric and electronic waste and scrap (PIB 2025a).

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