The Southern Ocean is the broad ocean that encircles the Antarctic continent. It is the second-smallest of the five oceans, larger than the Arctic Ocean but smaller than the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. The Southern Ocean covers approximately 21.96 million square kilometers and is generally defined as lying south of 60°S latitude.
The Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (MoPA) is one of the most important agencies of the Government of India, which is tasked with coordinating and facilitating legislative business between Parliament's two houses, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Founded as a department in 1949, the MoPA acts as an important interface between the Executive and the Legislature. India, being one of the largest democracies in the world, harmony between governance and representation needs to be preserved, and MoPA does just that.
While the Delhi Metro gained a reputation as a model of success, the other projects generally struggled due to a lack of private sector participation and ownership, underlying financial unsustainability, and inadequate last-mile connectivity. To address these gaps, the Government of India launched the Metro Rail Policy 2017, which received Union Cabinet approval on August 16, 2017.
India’s Ministry of Power (MoP) stands at a pivotal crossroad—balancing an ambitious scaling of renewable energy and electrification with the urgent necessity to reform entrenched financial and infrastructural bottlenecks. Its ability to drive DISCOM reform, grid modernization, and storage uptake will define whether India achieves its 2030 clean energy goals and sets the stage for a 2047 decarbonized grid.
The National Portal of India is a core part of the National E-Governance Plan, developed by the National Informatics Centre (NIC). This is the official portal of the Government of India, developed and hosted by the National Informatics Centre (NIC), a premier ICT organisation of the Government of India under the aegis of the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology. The main aim is to provide a single-window facility for government information and services, including the central government, state governments, district administrations, and panchayats.
The phrase "Beti Bachao Beti Padhao" is a catchword in Hindi and literally translates as "Save the Daughter, Educate the Daughter." The term implies two fundamental steps: 'Bachao' (save) – that is, saving the girl child from pre-birth elimination and early neglect; and 'Padhao' (educate) – which implies that girls need to be educated so that they are empowered and equally integrated into society.
India’s formal support for the migrant workers began under the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs (now MEA). The Overseas Workers Resource Centre (OWRC) was launched in January 2008 (which was inaugurated on Pravasi Bharatiya Divas) as a 24/7 helpdesk for emigrant workers. This intervention was urgently needed due to the persistent systematic gaps and vulnerabilities in India’s pre-existing emigration framework, which has failed to adequately protect the low-skilled migrant workers and especially those heading to the Gulf Countries. Some of India’s broader emigration governance included the Legacy of Broker-Based Emigration (Pre-2000s), Weakness of the Emigration Act, 1983, and Inadequate Institutional Coordination pre-2000s.