India-Indonesia Palm Oil Diplomacy, 2025: An Evolution Forthcoming Amid Emerging Sustainability Concerns

For nearly 75 years, India and Indonesia have shared strong bilateral ties spanning political, cultural, and economic cooperation. A key pillar of their relationship is the robust palm oil trade, which has become a cornerstone of economic diplomacy for both nations. In 2024, trade between the two reached USD 26 billion, with palm oil and its derivatives alone accounting for USD 4.4 billion of the total. With an output of about 46 million metric tons in 2024-25, accounting for 4.5 percent of its GDP, Indonesia reaffirmed its position as one of the top global producers of crude palm oil.





