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SUSTAINABLE SAND GOVERNANCE IN PRACTICE : EVALUATING RAJASTHAN’S M-SAND POLICY

Policy UpdateYashkirti Pal BACKGROUND Sand is a critical input in the construction industry and is second only to water in terms of global consumption (UNEP,2019). The increasing demand for sand driven rapid urbanization and infrastructure development has led to unsustainable…

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Regulating Foreign Influence: Assessing the Strategic Implications of India’s FCRA Reforms in 2026

Policy UpdateRiddhi Suthar Background  The main piece of legislation in India that governs acceptance and utilization of foreign contributions and foreign hospitality by individuals, associations, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA), 2010. The need for…

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Human Wildlife Conflict in Kerala: Evaluating Prevention, Compensation, and Mitigation Strategies

Policy UpdateGayathry Sanjay Balaram Background Imagine falling asleep in what should be the safest place on earth, your own home, beside your parents. By morning, your life is gone because a snake entered your house and bit you while you…

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The Jammu and Kashmir Industrial Policy,  2021-30: A Catalyst for Socio-Economic Transformation

The industrial trajectory of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) has been shaped by its unique geography, political volatility and state-led economic model. The region adopted a state-led industrialisation strategy after the signing of the Instrument of Accession in 1947 to generate employment and strengthen industrial development. However, persistent political instability, climatic challenges and geographical remoteness constrained industrial development, resulting in a gradual shift towards individual-led entrepreneurship. J&K implemented successive industrial policies in 1995, 1998, 2004 and 2016 to promote industrial investment.

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 Andhra Pradesh’s Rare Earth Strategy, 2025: The Political Economy of the Critical Minerals

The global transition to clean energy and advanced technology has turned rare earth elements (REEs) into "silent sovereigns" of the 21st-century economy. Modern geoeconomics shows that downstream processing capacity has become a greater source of strategic leverage than resource ownership, with refineries, separation plants and magnet manufacturing playing a central role. China currently commands approximately 90-92% of global refining capacity and nearly 92% of finished component manufacturing.1

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