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Rehabilitation of Bonded Labourers (2016): Issues and Challenges

According to the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976, the official and legal definition of the bonded labour system refers to a form of forced, or partly forced, labour in which a debtor or their family agrees to work for a creditor. This condition arises in three ways: first, through debt, loans, or financial advances; second, through customary or social obligations; and third, through inheritance or birth into a specific caste or community, which leads to forced labour. Therefore, Bonded labour has long been recognized as one of the gravest violations of human rights in India.

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Programme for Accelerated Renewal and Incentivization of Vehicle Assets for Reducing Transport Air Pollution and Network Emissions (PARIVARTAN), 2026

The PARIVARTAN (Programme for Accelerated Renewal and Incentivization of Vehicle Assets for Reducing Transport Air Pollution and Network Emissions) Scheme, 2026 is a Government of India initiative aimed at reducing vehicular pollution in the Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR). The scheme addresses emissions from ageing commercial trucks and buses, which are significant contributors to particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and other pollutants in the NCR.

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Maharashtra’s Maha-Migrant Tracking System (Maha-MTS)

Seasonal migration is not only a transfer of labor; for vulnerable groups, it can also lead to the temporary deprivation of many services such as nutrition, immunization, education, health, and child-protection systems. Maharashtra’s Maharashtra Migration Tracking System (Maha-MTS) is an innovative response to this challenge because it attempts to provide migrant-friendly services rather than trying to stop migrations.

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GST Compliance Burden on MSMEs in India: Assessing the Role of the Quarterly Return Filing and Monthly Payment Scheme and Recent Reforms

Against this backdrop, the introduction of GST in July 2017 represented a significant restructuring of India’s indirect tax system and created new incentives for businesses to participate in the formal economy. By replacing a fragmented system of central and state-level indirect taxes with a common framework, GST sought to reduce tax cascading and improve the traceability of transactions.

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Urban Flood Management Programme (2024): Assessing Flood Resilience in India’s Seven Most Populous Cities

India's seven most populous cities, home to a large share of the country's urban population and an even larger share of its economic output, have in recent years become synonymous with monsoon paralysis: waterlogged arterial roads, submerged metro and airport approaches, and, in the worst years, loss of life.

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CyTrain: Building India’s Digital Human-Capacity Infrastructure for Cybercrime Investigation

The rapid expansion of digital payments, online services, social media and connected technologies has created increasingly complex forms of cybercrime. Investigating such offences requires specialised capabilities in digital evidence collection, cyber forensics, electronic device examination, online financial trails and emerging technologies. However, cybercrime investigation also faces capacity-related challenges, including uneven access to specialised training, the need to keep investigative skills aligned with rapidly evolving criminal methods, and the requirement for coordinated capacity-building across State and Union Territory law-enforcement agencies. The Ministry of Home Affairs has recognised these needs through initiatives supporting cyber-forensic laboratories, specialised training and technical assistance to investigating officers (Ministry of Home Affairs, 2022; Ministry of Home Affairs, 2024).

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