Category Policy Update

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National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG): Strengthening Data-Driven Judicial Governance under e-Courts Phase III

The timely delivery of justice is central to the rule of law and effective governance. However, Indian courts have faced persistent challenges of case pendency, delays in disposal and limited access to consolidated judicial information. To address these gaps through technology, the Government introduced the e-Courts Mission Mode Project under the National e-Governance Plan. The National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG) emerged during Phase II (2015–2023) as a central repository of information on cases in District, Subordinate and High Courts, providing data on institution, disposal and pendency through an online platform.

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Scaling UPI: The Economics Behind NPCI’s New Operational Limits

Although the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has been operational for a decade, it does not exhibit the obsolescence typical of legacy infrastructure; rather, it currently faces challenges associated with rapid and unprecedented scalability. NPCI launched it in April 2016 to make bank-to-bank transfers instant and interoperable, so a payment from any bank app could reach any other bank account without the usual friction. The decision that really made it explode came later: in January 2020, the government set UPI’s Merchant Discount Rate to zero, so neither payer nor payee would ever see a fee. That single choice is arguably why the neighbourhood vegetable seller and the metro-station tea stall started accepting UPI as readily as a large retail chain.

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Kerala’s Paddy Land Conservation Policy (2008) and the Pressure of Urbanization

Kerala's paddy fields are wetland ecosystems that help manage flooding, recharge groundwater, and support rural biodiversity. They are also the state's main source of rice. Between 1957-58 and 2022-23, the area used for paddy cultivation in Kerala decreased from about 7.66 lakh hectares to roughly 1.91 lakh hectares.

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DEEN DAYAL LADO LAKSHMI YOJANA 2025: ASSESSING WOMEN’S INCOME SUPPORT IN HARYANA

Women’s economic insecurity in India is shaped not only by low incomes but also by unpaid care work, limited control over household resources, dependence on family members and unequal access to employment. State governments have increasingly responded through direct cash-transfer programmes that place money directly into women’s bank accounts. Haryana’s Deen Dayal Lado Lakshmi Yojana (DDLLY) is part of this wider shift toward women-focused income support.

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Jal Jeevan Mission 2.0: Greywater Management & IoT-Based Monitoring Policy (2026) – Implementation Challenges 

Policy UpdateAshi Verma Background  Jal Jeevan 2.0 represents a strategic goal to ensure universal access to safe and adequate drinking water through modern governance and technology. The Mission which was launched in August 2019 with the objective of providing tap…

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Public Financial Management System (2009): Strengthening Transparency and Efficiency in Public Expenditure

The Public Financial Management System (PFMS) is a web-based platform developed and operated by the Controller General of Accounts (CGA), Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance, to track and manage the flow of government funds in real time. It began in 2009 as the Central Plan Schemes Monitoring System (CPSMS), a Central Sector Scheme under the erstwhile Planning Commission, at a time when the government had no reliable way of knowing how much of the money released for its Plan schemes had actually reached implementing agencies or been spent, since expenditure was typically reported only after the fact, through conventional accounting cycles that could lag actual spending by months. CPSMS was conceived to close that gap, with a narrow original mandate: tracking funds released under Plan schemes and reporting expenditure in real time, rather than months later. 

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Viksit Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik (UDAN) (2026): A Policy Initiative for Regional Air Connectivity

The Ministry of Civil Aviation launched the Viksit UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik) on 4 July 2026 for FY 2026-27 to FY 2035-36, a modified form of UDAN, launched in October 2016 which has transformed regional connectivity by operationalising 669 routes and connecting 95 airports, heliports and water aerodromes, benefitting over 1.66 crore passengers (PIB, 2026). This upgraded UDAN scheme emphasises on India’s development and self-sustainable air connectivity across the country.

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