The promulgation of the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948 (ESI Act), by the Parliament, was the first major legislation on social Security for workers in independent India. It was a time when the industry was still in its early stages, and the country was heavily reliant on a variety of imported goods from developed or rapidly developing countries.
Public policy is often envisioned as a tool to address societal needs, promote equitable development, and strengthen governance. In India, a country characterized by deep social, cultural, and economic diversity, public policy plays a central role in shaping the lives of millions.
Education is considered one of the important factors of human development, which contributes to the rise in the standard of living of a family as well as a nation. In order to achieve the highest possible potential of human resources, there should be provision of quality education and skill sets relevant to today’s world.
India’s healthcare sector faces persistent structural challenges that undermine its ability to serve a population of over 1.4 billion people. The doctor-to-patient ratio stands at 1:1,596, well below the World Health Organization’s recommended 1:1,000 , while public health spending remains at just 1.4% of GDP, among the lowest globally (Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology). These constraints are particularly pronounced in rural and underserved regions, where access to trained medical professionals and adequate infrastructure is limited.
Policy UpdateTanmyi Anthwal Background: Back in 2014–15, the Indian government established the National Fellowship for Other Backward Classes (NF-OBC) program under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment to increase the chances for OBC students to pursue higher education and…
The Income-Tax Bill, 2025 is a comprehensive redesign of India's direct taxation regime, based on the decades-old Income-Tax Act, 1961, which by 2025 had become cumbersome from having a large number of amendments and mounting litigation.
The biotechnology industry has become a pillar of contemporary science and technology, providing solutions for critical problems in medicine, agriculture, energy, and environmental stewardship. Governments and educational establishments worldwide have implemented specific programs to promote and reward exceptional biotechnologists in order to enhance research capabilities and stimulate innovation.