Category Livelihoods, Employment and Well-being

From Rajiv Awas Yojana (2011) to Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana PMAY (2015): The Evolution of Urban Housing in India

With a lack of economic opportunities in rural India, India faces a critical problem of rapid urbanisation, driven by migration at a rate of 30 people per minute. In 2011, 30% of India’s population lived in urban areas

Housing for All- A Comprehensive Introduction to the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Gramin

The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin was launched on 20th November, 2016 and is a program by the Ministry of Rural Development, implemented by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. PMAY-G aims to provide a “pucca” house with the basic amenities, such as a kitchen and a washroom, to those deprived of proper shelter and living in “kutcha” houses” in rural areas by the target year of 2024. The Scheme has been further expanded in 2025. The PMAY-G addresses the rural housing shortage and bridges the housing deficit in rural areas of India, contributing significantly to the mission of Housing for All. An important feature of the PMAY-G is the selection of beneficiaries. To ensure that help is given to those who are genuinely deprived and to ensure that the selection is completely unbiased and objective, the scheme selects beneficiaries using housing deprivation parameters underlined in the Socio-Economic and Caste Census, 2011.

Mission for Cotton Productivity (2025-26)

In the 2025-26 Budget, cotton farmers, who suffer from low productivity, have been provided with a huge relief with the announcement of a five-year Cotton Productivity Mission. The Department of Agricultural Research & Education (DARE) is the Nodal Department, responsible for the implementation of the Mission.

National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP), 2014:Framework, Implementation and Future Directions

The Government of India revised its National Urban Transport Policy in 2014 to create sustainable urban transport solutions after following the essential structure from its 2006 version.

National Urban Digital Mission (NUDM) 2024: A Framework for Integrated Urban Governance

NUDM was launched as a new scheme in 2024, under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs along with the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology,

Social Security Scheme for Welfare of Online Platform Workers, 2025-26

According to the Niti Aayog report on India's booming gig and platform economy, by 2030, gig workers will constitute approximately 4.1% of India's total workforce, or around 23.5 crore people. Gig workers will now be eligible for the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY), which is the world’s largest health insurance scheme. Under the AB-PMJAY, the gig workers will be entitled to receive healthcare coverage which is not provided by their employer.

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