Insights, a blog published by IMPRI.
Every kingdom needs a signature, and few things say “official” like a glossy wax seal. If you’ve been searching for an AI picture maker that can craft them, Dreamina and its advanced image generation capabilities are ready. From royal crests…
Rural households often face multiple difficulties at once. A drought can reduce farm income while food and agricultural input prices are rising. A family may recover from one difficult season only to face another shock before its savings have been rebuilt. Evidence from Thailand and Vietnam shows that weather shocks can have real consequences for household welfare. Using panel data from Northeast Thailand and Central Vietnam, Nguyen et al. (2020) found that floods, droughts and storms had significant effects on household income, consumption and poverty, although the severity differed between the two countries. Drought was a common extreme weather event in both settings and had significant negative effects on household welfare.
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Two families may live in the same forest landscape. Both may have land, family labour, livestock, traditional knowledge and community networks. Yet after the same crop failure, wildlife loss or employment shock, one household manages to recover while the other slips deeper into insecurity. Why?
In 2020, India rolled out the Production Linked Incentive scheme with a simple pitch: pay manufacturers for every additional unit produced above a baseline, and watch domestic industry grow. That logic was later extended to some of the country's most climate relevant sectors, including solar photovoltaic modules and advanced chemistry cell batteries, tying manufacturing growth directly to India's energy transition and its broader push for self reliance under the Atmanirbhar Bharat banner.
An average can hide a great deal. According to the 2011 Census, 70.6 per cent of urban households in India had access to piped water [1]; but only around 62 per cent of those used treated piped water [2]; and almost 13 per cent of urban households continued to practice open defecation [3]. Such statistics give a comforting impression of progress at the national level. But they tell us nothing about where such progress is lacking. This policy approach views such deficiencies as shortages in pipes, toilets, and wastewater facilities. In this blog post, I will try to demonstrate why such framing is inadequate. It becomes clear from research that in addition to the physical deficiency, there exists an institutional issue as well. Municipalities differ widely in terms of the things they can do in a legal sense, the amount of resources available for spending, and even in the availability of personnel to manage constructed infrastructure. Such inequality is just inequality of capabilities at the household level.
Everything is possible at the tap of a screen these days, whether it's ordering groceries, booking a cab, or hiring someone for personal care services. The promise of delivery in minutes has made life smoother and more dependable. But we often overlook the human effort running through the city behind every order. These jobs are among the fastest-growing in recent years, yet they are marked by odd hours, a lack of basic amenities, occupational risks, and a lack of proper grievance redressal mechanisms. India's gig workforce was estimated at 7.7 million in 2020-21 and is projected to reach 23.5 million by 2029-30 (NITI Aayog, 2022).