Category Research

India–Brazil: Biofuels and Sustainable Aviation Fuel Cooperation

India–Brazil: Biofuels and Sustainable Aviation Fuel Cooperation

India and Brazil are natural partners in the low-carbon bioenergy transition. Brazil has decades of experience in large-scale biofuel deployment, most famously its sugarcane-based ethanol program and a mature flex-fuel vehicle market, while India has moved aggressively in recent years to scale ethanol blending and to develop policy frameworks for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). The two countries formalized energy and biofuel cooperation through a series of memoranda and joint statements: New Delhi's Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas and its Brazilian counterparts highlighted SAF and biofuel collaboration in a joint statement on 21 September 2024, and broader bioenergy MOUs and bilateral instruments between India and Brazil date back several years and were reiterated during high-level exchanges in 2024–2025.

India–Australia: Strengthening QUAD Defence Interoperability

India–Australia: Strengthening QUAD Defence Interoperability

In the 21st century, the Indo-Pacific has emerged as the epicentre of global geopolitics due to shifting power dynamics, competing naval claims, supply-chain competition, and increased defence postures. With the Indo-Pacific region lofty ambitions to become the world's strategic and economic centre of gravity, partnerships among like-minded democracies continue to grow in significance. In this regard, the India–Australia relationship has become a fundamental stabilising element in the broader Quad Security Dialogue (QUAD) context.

firecracker

Firecrackers as Symbols of Social Class Domination

The rich make competitive noise, pollute the air, switch on their air purifiers and air conditioners, and leave the less well-off to choke, wheeze and sicken

Diwali is no longer the gentle festival of lamps, gifting, good food and shared celebration. Diwali is a now a raging battleground of class aggression, in which the rich compete to show they are one up on their neighbours, bursting more copious amounts of crackers and setting off ever more spectacular fireworks. They have their hours of fun, and withdraw indoors to feast and party in rooms where air purifiers and air conditioners do double duty to scrub the air of the filth they have just injected into it.

Defence

India–Bhutan: Defence Infrastructure and Training Cooperation

Bhutan, one of the most important countries from a Geostrategic angle, is located between Tibet and North-East India and also to the nearest points of the Chumbi Valley of Tibet, Sikkim and the Eastern borders at the same time the proximity of Bhutan from the Siliguri corridor which is the connecting point of the seven north eastern states of India is crucial for both India and Bhutan.

Transit-oriented Development can curb India's urban dysfunctions by integrating land use with transport, but fragmented governance, weak execution, and poor planning hinder its transformative potential.

Transit-Oriented Development in India: Why Practice Lags Behind Policy

Transit-oriented Development can curb India's urban dysfunctions by integrating land use with transport, but fragmented governance, weak execution, and poor planning hinder its transformative potential.

The Hallyu Ascendancy and India's Soft Power Ceiling: A Geocultural Analysis for India-South Korea Bilateral Relations

The Hallyu Ascendancy and India’s Soft Power Ceiling: A Geocultural Analysis for India-South Korea Bilateral Relations

The Korean wave, etymologically known as the hallyu, refers to the soft power of the Korean popular culture that originated in Southeast Asia, first in mainland China and eventually spreading across Asia in the late 1990s. The transnational cultural influence of the K-wave in the postmodern era is one of a kind due to the decisive yet dominant nature of ‘compressed modernity’. South Korea experienced a century's worth of economic growth-led cultural influence within the span of a few decades. The phenomenon of ‘Miracle on the Han River’ transformed a war-ravaged South Korea that was one of the 25 poorest countries in the world in the 1960s into an advanced economy built on technology and innovation, with the help of the International Development Association of the World Bank. 

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